What are the functional differences?
Can two people be in the same guild if they are on different realms? But then some realms are connected so that is the same realm too? Also, communities can do most the same stuff as guilds, except for Mythic raids? And social groups is what it says on the tin and is a Battle.net launcher feature? But social groups do not have a faction restrictions.
Sorry, last time I played most of these were not extant, or at least I managed to avoid needing to understand them.
If there is a canonical explanation of this stuff I’d love if you posted a link to it!